Venus is the second planet closest to the sun and is one of the terrestrial planets also including the Earth. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, the brightest natural object in the night sky after the moon and thus called morning star or the evening star. Venus orbits the sun every 224.7 Earth days. As Venus has roughly the same size of Earth, some scientists consider Venus and Earth as twin planets. It is approximately 95 of Earths diameter measuring about 12,100 km while the Earth is a little bit bigger at 12,742 km. Venus distance from the sun is at an average of about 108.2 kilometers. The Earths distance to the sun is about 150 million kilometers. It takes Venus about 7  months to revolve around the sun once, unlike Earth which takes about one year or 12 months.

Venus is known as the Earths twin however its surface condition is very much different from the Earths. For the longest time, geologists have had a hard time figuring out about Venus surface since the planet is usually surrounded by compact clouds of sulfuric acid. Astronomers and geologists have used several astronomy equipments, radar, and space probes in order to explore the planet. It was in 1990 that geologists came to find out the surface of Venus as the U.S. space probe Magellan used radar in order to map the surface of the planet. Venus surface is extremely dry and hot. No liquid water can be found on the surface of this planet, because of its high temperature, any form of liquid would simply boil away. Venus atmosphere is much heavier than any other planet in the solar system. It is mainly consist of carbon dioxide with little amounts of water vapor and nitrogen. Small traces of carbon monoxide, argon, sulfur dioxide, and neon can also be found in the planet. The temperature on Venus is about 465 degrees Celsius hence no animal or plant on Earth could ever live on its surface.

Most geologists and astronomers deem that the high surface temperature of the planet can be explained through the greenhouse effect. A greenhouse allows radiant energy coming from the sun but it stops a great deal of heat from escaping. Venus dense atmosphere together with its thick clouds works in a similar way. The radiant energy coming from the sun is readily filtered into Venus atmosphere but the large amount of sulfuric acid in Venus clouds plus the great quantity of carbon dioxide found on its atmosphere appear to catch and trap a large amount of solar energy at Venus surface.